The Transformation of the Role of Women within Victorian...

The role of women during the Victorian Era has been a prevalent topic over the course of the semester. Women during that time had limited rights, and the rights they did have were equivalent to that of children. Domesticity, caring for their husband and children was the focus of their livelihood. As England continued to grow and industrialize, women became more marginalized, while men continued to grow into dominant members of society, this is known as the notion of separate spheres. The notion of separate spheres was not limited to the role women and men had in the home, but extended into the streets and the workplace. Men were seen as formidable, intellectual, and the governing sex; whereas, women on the other hand, were disregarded as emotionally unstable, dominated by their sexuality, and submissive to men’s wants and desires. Women were not only given limited rights to the roles they had in society, but also were not given the right to choose whom they wanted to mar ry. A majority of women had no other option but to marry as a way to maintain their livelihood, unless they were members of high social standings. Additionally, the rights of a woman were again lessened after she wed. The moment a woman married, she automatically became the property of her husband. The limited rights she had before were stripped away: her property, identity, and value ceased to exist the moment she became the helpmate to a man. The ideology of the role women played did notShow MoreRelated An Explication of Emily Dickinsons Loaded Gun Essays917 Words   |  4 PagesAn Explication of Emily Dickinsons Loaded Gun Emily Dickinsons poem My Life had stood-a Loaded Gun- is a powerful statement of the speakers choice to forego the accepted roles of her time and embrace a taboo existence, a life open only to men. The speaker does so wholeheartedly and without reservation, with any and all necessary force, exulting in her decision. She speaks with great power and passion, tolerating no interference, and wills herself to maintain this choice for herRead MoreThe Vampire: What Boundaries Does the Vampire Threaten? Discuss with R9200 Words   |  37 Pagesleast two tellings of the Dracula story._______________________________________________ The Vampire in Dracula threatens the very existence of Victorian England. Stoker constructs the vampire as an embodiment of threat by surpassing his Gothic novelist predecessors to bring the threat of the Gothic home to Victorian England (Arata 119). This in turn crosses the boundary between what is foreign and what is national; and dually East and West. Read MoreEssay on History of Sexuality2302 Words   |  10 PagesLove is heavily embedded within a distinct historical and cultural context. Darwinian theory and the development of eugenics had a phenomenal impact on Stopes. 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The eternal love relationship between Dracula and Elisabeta is the archetypal sacred marriage--a bond that cannot be severed by death or time--just like the marriage between Christ and the Church. The filmsRead MoreGender Roles and Attitudes toward Love in Shakespeares Hamlet5989 Words   |  24 Pagesbeing shown, Shakespeare challenges the acknowledged roles of women in instances of courtly love. Instead of this, the audience witness Juliet as a fourteen year old woman taking control of her own future and rejecting her parents’ decisions to experience real heartfelt love. In Elizabethan times ideas and attitudes to love were very different to contemporary views of love. In particular women’s roles differed greatly in that they played passive roles in a relationship and were taught from birth thatRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pagesground-breaking essay Word, Dialogue, and Novel [1] : [E]ach word (text) is an intersection of word [sic] (texts) where at least one other word (text) can be read . . . . any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotations; any text is the absorption and transformation of another (66). However, as Kristeva in a later interview explains, the dynamics of intertextuality does not only take place between author and text but also between text and reader: If we are readers of intertextuality, we must be capableRead MoreThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Essay5776 Words   |  24 PagesThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Scientific racism has been used to oppress, enslave and to justify torture. In my essay I will explore how scientific racism has been used to detriment the health of women of colour. Throughout history women of colour have been experimented upon, sexualized and reproductively abused with scientific racism as justification or the underlying premise for the thought behind this abuse. I will explore this idea using examples throughout various periodsRead MoreThe Waste Land by T. S. Eliot2649 Words   |  11 Pagesthis piece of â€Å"Satyricon† and this own literary work is overall unknown, but there are many different ways scholars can intertwine the two. One of the common themes is the mechanical persistence of the world (Shmoop 5). Eliot felt that his beloved Victorian Era had been murdered in cold blood by the 1920’s Pop culture. He believed that life and existence had outlasted their meaning. Yet, the world spun on. Cumaean Sibyl lived in a cage, drowning in her ow n wrinkles with aching bones. Her body had outlived

Analysis Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy s The Great Gatsby

A day meant for union, November 22, 1963, became a day of severance. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, a man who once promised to bring youth and innovation to America, was gunned down by a cold hearted killer, 6 floors up, thirsty for vengeance. A gun fired three bullets, one having broken the skin of one of America’s most respected men in the country. In just a single moment, America and all of its people lost their innocence. â€Å"My God, I’ve got his brains in my hand! (Jones 90),† exclaimed the first lady as the uncovered limousine, now seating a wounded President, paraded through Dallas. Now lacking a leader, the United States expected to experience turmoil, which was everything that President Kennedy had been fighting to avoid. As if dealing with the grief from losing a loved one was not enough, the Kennedy family was now forced to hide and become more alert to their surroundings. Due to the situation, a pronounced red target quickly began to take up resid ency upon their backs. Americans are at fault to conclude multiple conspiracies of President Kennedy’s death for a single and uncomplicated reason; the name John F. Kennedy commonly bears the reputation of his death, but not his life and successes. So why is it that a man whom accomplished many obstacles with such adeptness is remembered for an event that was out of his control (Jones 90-106)? Born into the Catholic faith, the nine Kennedy children lived a prosperous childhood due to their wealthy parents.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy s The Great Gatsby Essay2149 Words   |  9 Pagespast, or the present, are certain to miss the future (Kennedy, 1963). This President was a visionary, who had creative and innovative foresight, that included the unthinkable at the time, that man would travel in space and land on the moon. That President was John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Michael, 1995). Kennedy strongly believed that â€Å"no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space† (Kennedy 1962). His aspiration challenged the complacency and

A Family Gathering free essay sample

In the spacious kitchen, while Mom prepares dinner, she listens to her children chatting and laughing as they do their homework at the large mahogany table by the picture window that faces the bucolic back yard. They wait anxiously for their father to return home from work so they can eat their mothers savory dinner. This reminds Mom of herself as a blooming child sitting at the kitchen table smelling all her mothers delectable food and anxiously waiting her fathers arrival while chatting and laughing with her siblings. The kitchen has the essence of a gourmet restaurant at the height of the dinner hour. Aromas are sprinkling the air and tickling the noses of everyone it touches. It brings a sense of warmth and safety that envelops each child as if it were a blanket on a snowy day. The sound of sizzling meat and steaming bright colored vegetables pulls them in as if they were dogs being called by their master. The tantalizing aroma and sounds entrances the childrens father as he greets Mom in the kitchen who is by now dancing to some funny song on the radio. The children are so excited to see him. They begin to bounce up and down like bunny rabbits yelling, Dad is home! It is time to eat! Their words ring like a bell in the Moms memory bank. She remembers reciting the same phrases when her father finally came home. She was so excited not only to eat her mothers delicious meal but to also share with her father her days events. Finally, the family sits at the table together to enjoy Read Full Essay Now Citation styles: APA MLA Chicago A Family Dinner. (2004, October 07). In WriteWork. com. Retrieved 02:19, October 21, 2012, from http://www. writework. com/essay/family-dinner Reviews of: A Family Dinner: Remembernig english from earlier years of school. y MrMystery on 07/Oct/2004 www. writework. com/essay /f amily -dinner 2/7 10/21/12 A Family Dinner The first and last sentences of your first paragraph need to be split into two. The children rattle off with such exuberance and enthusiasm all the horrendous and exciting stuff The words rattle off and stuff are not appropriate here and ruin the tone. Excuberance and enthusiasm, nice idea but not really too suitable a pair of words. Being picky, the words sizzling meat dont se em too appropriate but then maybe I just despise them as I am a vegetarian. Very nice though, it brings some good imagery to the mind good job. 6 out of 6 people found this comment useful. Mistakes by Saiful on 09/Oct/2004 There are some mistakes in your essay otterwise it is quite good. One mistake is their hands flying every which way as they speak also some of your wording isnt good. 3 out of 5 people found this comment useful. Adjective abuse by helpdesk on 08/Oct/2004 nuff said 2 out of 4 people found this comment useful. More Descriptive Essays essays: My EdenA 5-paragraph descriptive essay can smell a home cooked meal in the works. The aroma of the food cooking reminds me that this is not my Eden. This I wonder if it is a house I can just picture it. I envision a small,cozy cottage tucked deep in 2 pages 64 2 Mar/2005 3. 5 Animals-Sometimes That is What We Are her family, that cumbersome monkey that riddled her adult life. She tapped her foot anxiously. Valeria smiled, www. writework. com/essay /f amily -dinner 3/7 10/21/12 A Family Dinner stood up and put out her cigarette. She gathered her when she stopped him with a hand on his arm. Dinner will be ready in thirty minutes, Charlie. He smiled, patted 2 pages 48 0 Dec/2004 1 Exemplification Essay detailed description about trip to grnadmas house with family/ family reunion and relate to feelings the kitchen. The aroma of the sweet baked goods caught my attention. As I walked through the glass, sliding door, one of the tables had 4 pages 344 2 Apr/2002 3. 4 This essay is an observational piece written in my freshman year of college. It gives a detailed description of the father of the bride dance at a wedding. a local fire house. The room is considerably crowded with family and friends of a young couple married earlier that afternoon obbing mom and step-mom a consoling smile and turned her attention right back to her father. The story-line of the song continued on as the singer began recalling the day his 2 pages 18 0 Oct/2005 3 Personal Piece(About seeing a band live) the upcoming event merely dragged along by their friends and family. I feel the movement, step by step, inch by inch the fight who dont want to be involved. The hour passes like 5 minutes and before I know it, the 3 pages 12 0 Aug/2006 3 The Bike Race dinner. We lay there on the grass staring at the beautiful stars. That was my best workout, especially since the tournament was the next day with my neighbor. The argument was about on how our family was better than his. Truth is, they were always arguing 5 pages 16 0 Dec/2006 0 Kasurdi the kitchen to quench my thirst. As i entered it, i saw some ladies, busy cooking food for our dinner. I back to make her sleep, i dont know what warmth she felt in my bosom. Such closeness and love of these kids in these two days, dragged me for pondering over those issues. After some time 20 pages 12 0 Mar/2009 5 Where A Description Of A Childs Growth Emotionally By Loosing A Father. This Essay Is Very www. writework. com/essay /f amily -dinner Visual and Descriptive. 4/7 10/21/12 A Family Dinner Visual and Descriptive. always spent our weekends there picking from the same three dinner selections, me beating countless 50year-old drunk men at pool at age nine, and my sister helping in the kitchen 5 pages 15 0 Apr/2009 0 Students Profs. say about us: Good news: you can turn to others writing help. WriteWork has over 100,000 sample papers Prof. Jacob Leland, Phd I turned what i thought was a C+ paper into an A- Dawn, college student Learn about membership Weve been mentioned in: CNN WIRED EveningTimes Sony NPR Independent The Boston Globe The Virginian Pilot Where our 375,000 members study: Rutgers University Marist College Boston College Boston University University of Colorado University of Maryland University of Phoenix New York University Indiana University Columbia University Miami Dade College

Look again at Act one in both texts Essay Example For Students

Look again at Act one in both texts Essay Look again at Act one in both texts; compare and contrast the two plays especially in regard to language and communication. Bear in mind the unit is entitled Broken Communication. The Tempest begins with a enormous storm and signifies a great change for the people of the island, but we do not learn until later on in the play that it is Prospero who has caused the storm so that the characters on the ship will be brought to the island. The opening scene is very dramatic and shows the inner turmoil and change that will occur for the characters involved, whereas it is also quite confusing for the audience as we are not aware of what significance the storm has, and what has caused it until later. Characters run frantically about in this scene and we are unaware of their purpose; the audience is not communicated well at the beginning as we are left uninformed of the situation. Just as in Translations where there is also a lack of communication as Manus is trying to get Sarah to talk but as she is unable to talk she cannot express her feelings and thought to him clearly and so the communication between the two has been broken. Manus says, Soon youll be telling me all the secrets that have been in that head of yours all these years. When Prospero tells Miranda the story of where he came from and how he used to be the Duke of Milan but was usurped by his brother, he asks Miranda if she is listening properly to make sure there would be no broken communication between the two of them. He says, I pray thee, mark me and Dost thou hear? But Prospero does not communicate well and sometimes talks nonsense so that it is hard to understand what he means. Prospero explains that he gradually grew uninterested in ruling his kingdom and turned his attention more and more to his studies and books, neglecting his duties as duke. As he did not communicate as well with his subjects and got lost in his books and the power they gave him, this gave his brother Antonio the opportunity to usurp him. He said, I, thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated to closeness and the bettering of my mind. There is also a sense of Broken communication when the English are translating the Irish place names in Translations. Owen translates Lanceys orders but does not translate them correctly so everyone becomes confused at what Lancey wants. Owen says, Did I make a mess of it? Manus says, You werent saying what Lancey was saying! In Translations Yolland and Maire share an intimate moment having left the dance. They express their love for one another without understanding the words either is speaking. Their communication is broken as they do not understand each other verbally but they understand each other on a deeper level. The character of Caliban shows the importance of language and how it can be used as a weapon. He says, You taught me language, and my profit ont Is, I know how to curse. When his native island was colonised his language was taken away, and therefore he did not have the power he once had. Miranda and Prospero think that they are doing Caliban a great favour by teaching him their language and making him use it, although he does not see it like this. To Caliban it is only a reminder of how he is different from Miranda and Prospero and how they have changed him from what he was. Caliban uses the language they have taught him against them, so that he has some hope at keeping his identity. Prospero is another character who shows how language is very important with regards to the power you have. .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .postImageUrl , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:hover , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:visited , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:active { border:0!important; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:active , .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621 .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92d9995354f848432c78461e3ef33621:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paul Slabolepszy: coming of age in the cradle of apartheid EssayProsperos books are a symbol of his power, and the words he reads in them provide him with this power. Without the language in the books he feels he has no power on the island. He say, From mine own library with volumes that I prize above my dukedom. Prospero realises that he gets all his power from his books and so he prizes them very highly. Translations shows the idea of how language is important to a country and persons identity as in the play all the Irish place names are changed into their English equivalent. When the soldiers have to take each of the Gaelic names and anglicise it, either by changing it into the approximate English sound or translate it into the English word, they feel they have had their identity taken away from them. Without a cultural background, or if people have their cultural identity taken away from them, they feel they have lost a sense of the person they are. Owen says, My job is to translate the quaint, archaic tongue you people persist in speaking into the Kings good English. This quotation shows how the English do not see the Irish as civilised people because they speak a different language that they do not understand. They think that they are doing the Irish a great favour and making them more civilised by Anglicising their places names and teaching them English. They do not realise they are taking away the Irishs identity and background.

Its Very Dark. So Dark It Almost Hurts My Eyes Just Straining To See I

It's very dark. So dark it almost hurts my eyes just straining to see into it. While I'm trying to peer into the darkness my eyes feel like they are glaring and squinting so hard they're just slits that I could hardly see out of anyway. They are actually willing themselves to see something-anything. They seem to scream out to my brain to conjure up an image just so they could prove they still work. I suddenly become aware that the blackness that surrounds me is deadly quiet, too. Shouldn't I be hearing something; why can't I see? Where in the heck am I? And what is happening around me? Am I dead? What was I doing just a few minutes ago? I can't remember a thing. Now this is beginning to scare me. How do I get out of here? Nothing moves around me. Everything is void and then I begin to drift slowly up and then away and now...I am....no longer...afraid. "Oh my God!" he says, "there's a woman in here--it looks like she's dead or close to it. Call 911, this just happened! Get the ambulance here fast. At least I think we need an ambulance." As Kate dials the cell phone in the car her hand shakes. She's never seen an accident before and just the aftermath is overwhelming. She's had more than one dream where she can't get the 911 number dialed into the phone. It seems so easy in the dream until it is time to actually do it. Then the phone is busy or she mis-dials or she just can't make her fingers go. Right now her hands are shaking and she's trying to remember exactly where they were when they came upon the accident scene. The operator will want to know that. Come on, answer, answer, answer! "Hello, yes, we've come across an accident on West Ferry Road about two miles out of town, north, no south of town, I think. There is one person in the car but she doesn't look too good. Please send an ambulance-quick! What? No, I'm not sure if she's breathing. Just a minute-let me check." "Jack, is she breathing? Can you get to her? The operator will help, if she can." "I can't hardly reach her everything is so twisted up and around her." As he tries to reach in to put a finger under her nose or detect any movement of her chest he feels a thick, sticky wetness that makes him stop for a second. What the hell? As he jerks his hand out he instantly knows what it is-blood and plenty of it. Oh, God, now what have I gotten myself into? You can't even help out at an accident scene these days without being afraid of hepitatis or AIDS. Just then he feels a slight movement and can see her head barely moving. She must be alive or maybe it's just involunatary jerking that follows death. "Kate, tell her I can't tell. There's an awful lot of blood, but I think there's a chance she's still alive. Hurry! Tell them to hurry! I'll stay here until they come. You just stay there on the line, if you have to." "Operator? We don't know, we can't tell. There's lots of blood, but we can't be sure. It looks very bad. Please hurry. We'll stay here until help arrives. Do I need to stay on the line? Okay, but tell them to get here quick. She really needs some help." As Kate stays on the line with the operator Jack begins to talk to this woman who probably just minutes ago was traveling down the road with not a hint of what was to happen, whatever it was. Did she dodge a deer, fall asleep, change a tape, or what?. She really wrapped it around this power pole and now seemed to be in a fight for her life. Was she aware of what had happened or what was happening now? Probably not--that gash on her forehead lookes pretty horrible and deep. Maybe she's brain dead. Wonder if she had a donor card? Do the paramedics check for that before they leave the scene? As these thoughts raced through

John Fowles The French Lieutenants Woman Essay Example

John Fowles The French Lieutenants Woman Essay Example John Fowles The French Lieutenants Woman Essay John Fowles The French Lieutenants Woman Essay Essay Topic: Literature The Heart Of a Woman According to Nelson Vieira, John Fowles The French Lieutenants Woman: falls under the rubric of what is commonly known today as metafiction. Metafictional writers thus operate and function with a freedom of exposing illusion for what it is- a device used to mask narrative as a construct and a figment of ones imagination.1 John Fowles has no qualms about admitting that literature is, in fact just an illusion. This is most noticeable in his telling the reader that The story I am telling is all imagination. The characters I create never existed outside my own mind2. It seems then, that John Fowles, in destroying the readers illusion, and also destroys the suspension of disbelief necessary in following a story told by an omniscient narrator3 Fowles destruction of this suspension of disbelief in reminding us of the fictitious nature of all characters and events taking place creates a gulf between himself, or his story, and the reader. To be drawn into the world of fiction, we must feel that it is true, and that we are a part of a real world, and not merely some illusion or magic trick. It is also impossible for the reader to take ownership of the story when the author is so insistent at writing himself into the novel. Fowles not only intrusively reminds us that he writes a fiction and not a truth, but appears himself in the shape of the man in the railway carriage- we are, however, further confused as to whether, perhaps, his story is based in reality, as he observes Charles and asks now what could I do with you?4 This brings us to the conclusion that, perhaps, Fowles truly observed a man on a train, and, in doing so, brought the character of Charles, and so the story, into being, and so confuses the story from reality. It becomes nearly impossible to distinguish reality from the artificial when Fowles suggests that he is perhaps writing a transposed autobiography; perhaps I now live in one of the houses I have brought into the fiction; perhaps Charles is myself disguised.5 We feel that if the author himself cannot decide to which depth his story is, in fact a reality, then we cannot hope to engage with it either as a piece of fiction or a factual document. Palmer points out that: Fowles intrudes in chapter thirteen in order to jolt the reader who, reading this seemingly traditional historical novel is becoming too passively comfortable in his over-stuffed arm chair. He wants to start a dialogue with his reader.6 Whilst this is indeed most probably, in fact, almost certainly, Fowles intention, it does interfere with storytelling. A story is any narrative or tale recounting the sequence of events7, and Fowles interruption only interrupts the story, although it may give the reader a more mental exercise. Palmer also claims that Fowles is attempting to free the reader from the traditional role of passive, uninvolved observer8, but one must wonder whether the reader wishes to be so liberated. He certainly does free himself and his characters from the tyrannising roles of the traditional novelist god-character relationship9, but rather than freeing his readership, he has enslaved them. Rather than being at liberty to enjoy the narrative, they are forced into a realisation that the world constructed around them is merely that, a construct. However, having forced his reader into a realisation that they have been living in a world of mere make-believe, Fowles taunts his audience, in telling them that my characters still exist, and in a reality no less, or no more real than the one I have just broken.10 Whilst this may seem a confusion, and confusion most certainly is an alienation of the reader, problematising the role of both the author and the story, he is, in fact referring to the reality he has just broken, which, as he has just told us, is no reality at all, but a mere construct. Fowles seems to torment his reader with unsure statements whilst keeping them from the narrative, the purpose of a novel. Fowles has been described as a writer stalking himself, or better, he is a novelist writing into a mirror so that each or his works reflect back upon his own mind and vision11. The reader is never sure what to believe of the novel, just as we are never sure where two mirrors reflecting in on themselves may end. It is in just this way that we cannot tell where Charles will end: indeed, even Fowles seems not to know, hence his triple ending. This too, could present a barrier for his readership: if Fowles, as the author and creator of the text, cannot discern the direction of a narrative, how then, is his readership supposed to manage such a feat? We are given the impression that Fowles is perhaps remarkably indecisive, which brings us out o our suspension of disbelief almost as much as the authorial interruptions. This confusion over plot in his inability to come to a conclusion could be rooted in Fowles determination to rewrite the Victorian novel. Even character is at time confused- we are unsure as to Fowles intentions for Charles, or even Charles origins as a literary figure. Palmer claims that the novel hangs insuspension: between the traditions of Victorian fiction, with its attendant restrictions, and the experimental, intensely-self conscious novel of the mid-twentieth century.12 He also reiterates that The French Lieutenants Woman is, in one of its many aspects, Fowless dramatisation of his own theory of the novel. It is a metatheatrical work of literary criticism.13 It is this idea of the metafiction that provides the complexities of the novel, but also draws the reader away from the characters, creating a barrier between them and the story. We feel that we are, perhaps, guinea pigs for Fowles experiments with literature. The same could be said of Virginia Woolfs Jacobs Room. It has been described as Woolfs most consciously experimental novel14, as so much of the modernist movement is an attempt to break away from the Victorian style that Fowles attempts to recreate. She shies away from the normal, and particularly the narrative- Zwerdling cites her as claiming to want to do away with exact place and time, this appalling narrative business of the realist: getting on from lunch to dinner: it is false, unreal, merely conventional 15. In doing this she cuts out much of the tedium of the Victorian novel, but yet has a good chance of leaving her reader floundering: we may feel at the end of the novel that we do not truly know even Jacob, let alone the peripheral characters. He has been described as far too shadowy a figure who fails to come to life.16 There are few reference points within the novel: Woolf has indeed succeeded in her goal of doing away with typical narrative. We see only brief but typical vignettes chosen seemingly at random,17 and have little means of stringing them together to form a picture of his true character and experiences. Joan Bennett claims that the novel builds up no whole that can be held in the mind18 As such, Jacobs Room seems not so much to problematise storytelling as to obliterate any concept of story. Zwerdling describes Jacobs Room as a surgical excision of clogged detail.19 However, we must consider the meshing of art and science in this idea. A surgical excision seems very far from the constructive art of writing, and, whilst surgery is an exacting, science-dependant field, writing, surely, is a free art, the bounds of which are only the farthest reaches of the imagination, not the facts of textbooks. Whereas Fowles makes us wonder as to the true reality of his characters and story, especially Charles, suggesting that he sees much of Charles in himself, Woolf admits to actively disliking Jacob. Zwerdling suggests that this is largely thanks to his sex, quoting Woolf in Jacobs Room- granted ten years seniority and a difference of sex, fear of him comes first20. Frank Kermode, in the biographical preface to Jacobs Room suggests that this might be possibly related to the sexual molestation of which her half-brother, George Duckworth is accused.21 He also puts points out that there have been many accounts of the marriage very hostile to Leonard Woolf22. Indeed, Woolf gives Jacob thoughts that she, as a woman in the twentieth century, surely could not agree with- he compares the presence of women at the Kings College service to the presence of dogs: No one would think of bringing a dog into church. For though a dog is all very well on a gravel path, and shows no disrespect to flowers, the way he wanders down an aisle, looking, lifting a paw, approaching a pillar with a purpose that makes the blood run cold with horror (should you be one of the congregation- alone, shyness is out of the question), a dog destroys the service completely.23 As educated as she was, although not having attended university, Virginia Woolf could not have agreed with such ideas. As a modern reader, these ideas grate on our sense of equality. In an age where education is available regardless of gender, moments such as these create a distance between the writing and the reader and prevent a true feeling of connection with the text. The French Lieutenants Woman too has some anti-feminist moments, which could present a barrier between the text and a potential readership- Charles believes that Ernestina, as a woman could no possibly hold the same value as a man: He could not be angry with her. After all, she was only a woman. There were so many things she must never understand: the richness of male life, the enormous difficulty of being one to whom the world was rather more than dress and home and children.24 However, this could also represent the other side of the argument- whilst Fowles may alienate a segment of society which was active at the time of the novels publication; he was also attempting to echo the Victorian novel, in which this would very much be a recognised and accepted viewpoint- the Victorian icon- the angel in the house the presiding hearth angel of Victorian social myth25. Charles expects women to stay the same, and to be reliant on men- he expects Sarah to rely on him, and seems to find her making her own way in the world faintly repulsive. In one way, therefore Fowles is problematising his storytelling in possibly alienating a part of his readership, but also moving his story closer to the goal he set out to achieve. As I earlier pointed out in relation to The French Lieutenants Woman, the purpose of storytelling is for entertainment; therefore making a stilted or confusing narrative will certainly problematise the process of storytelling. Jacobs Room is very much a metaphorical text: McNichol points out that there has been too much concentration on what the novel is not26 largely because of a failure to grasp the originality of Virginia Woolfs new conception of a novel27 However; she also notes that it is, in fact, an abstract and theoretic work28, and so we must wonder how much of a story it is, or whether it is, in fact, a challenge to the nature of fiction itself29, and as such, more an academic treatise than a novel. The metaphorical nature of the text is made clear in the relation of the title to the work: the room of the title is in fact in the context of the space, metal and physical, which is occupied by Jacob Flanders30 rather than the physical rooms in which we see him in the course of the novel: asleep in Cornwall with his sheeps jaw, at Cambridge, and at Lambs Conduit Street, among others. As a metaphorical text, the novel is designed not so much for the process of storytelling as to make a statement on the accepted structure. Virginia Woolf is a far more solid presence in the text that any of her characters; indeed, McNichol presents Jacobs Room as being full of authorial dialectic31, just as The French Lieutenants Woman is full of authorial intervention. It seems that the role of the author and the role of storytelling are, to an extent, mutually exclusive. For the author to have a role in their text, it seems they must take a presence in it, as Fowles does in chapter thirteen, and as Woolf does in making Jacobs Room more about an experiment conducted by her than about her characters and plot, and so her readership. As I have pointed out, this concentration on the experiment disrupts the idea of storytelling: for a reader to fully appreciate a story, they must be able to view it as a reality, which the readership of both texts cannot truly do, as the author refuses to give up their place in the piece. Whilst the author is present, we are aware that the constructed world is just that, a fiction, where we would prefer to believe if as a reality, at least for a time. It seems that for storytelling to be effective, therefore, the role of the author must only extend as far as the writing of the story, not featuring in it. As such, storytelling in these texts is problematised by the role of the author, and the role of the author is problematised by storytelling.

Cubas Government before Communism Research Paper

Cubas Government before Communism - Research Paper Example Several people believed that to publicize information that exhibits that pre-Castro Cuba was accurately an emergent country was a way of justifying the actions of Batista. The reality is that Cuban advancement of the period was basically as a consequence of the efforts indulged in all these sectors of the nation, as it marked the 57th years of the republic. In the year 1950, two years before Batista’s were granted the second credibility to power. It was fortunate as the Cuban Peso has the same monetary value as the U.S dollar. Given suggestion not only by the authorized press inside the island, and also by Radio Havana Cuba, a nationalized- run radio station that relays information globally in various languages, and by the authorized information organization Prensa Latina, the movement made outstanding prominence on the financial woe and misery under which the island theoretically lived. The campaign made exceptional emphasis on the economic wretchedness under, which the island hypothetically lived, and on the economic control that the United States had exercised over it. This section of the campaign was meant to help validate the continuation of a communist novelist, whose goals and ambitions helped him to renovate the deep transformations in the nation. These social renovations were termed as items of diminishing poverty (Urlich, 99). Those who believed in the Castroism propaganda had a depiction that Cuba was a nation with a 40%literacy level, within the gluttonous hands of multi-national US Corporation controlling every aspect of the national economy. Cuba was a country that had no enough doctors, workers of farmers, due to the high level of redundancy, and with houses of prostitution and gaming casinos on each corner. Cuba was an underdeveloped country and its resources distributed equally among all the people (Urlich, 100).